He hangarau haumaru nui te ātete mura o ngā kakahu, i hangaia hei whakaiti i te mura o ngā kakahu, hei whakaroa i te mura me te horapa o te mura, ā, hei whakaora i ngā oranga me ngā taonga. Ka mahi ngā maimoatanga ātete mura (FR) mā roto i ngā tikanga matū me ngā tikanga ā-tinana hei whakakore i te huringa mura i ngā wāhanga rerekē: te whakamahana, te pirau, te mura, te horapa rānei o te mura.
Ngā Tikanga Matua:
1. Whakamatao: Ka mimiti te wera i ētahi FR, ka whakaheke i te pāmahana o te papanga ki raro i te pūwāhi mura.
2. Te Hanganga o te Ngaro: Ka whakatairangahia e ngā pūnaha kei roto i te whākawa, i te hauota rānei te hanganga o tētahi paparanga ngaro tiaki, ārai hoki, kaua ki ngā mea mura.
3. Whakarewatanga: Ka pirau ngā FR ka tukuna ngā hau kore-mura (pēnei i te mamaoa wai, te CO₂, te hauota), ka whakarewaina te hāora me ngā hau wahie e tata ana ki te mura.
4. Te Mahanga Tuwhera: Ka tukuna e ngā matū halogenated (ahakoa kua piki haere te whakawhāititanga) ngā tuwhena e whakararuraru ana i ngā tauhohenga mekameka exothermic i roto i te rohe mura.
Ngā momo maimoatanga:
Pūmau: He mea piri ki ngā muka (he mea noa mō te miro, te polyester), ā, ka ora tonu i ngā horoinga maha. Hei tauira, ko Pyrovatex® mō ngā maimoatanga cellulose, THPC rānei.
Kore-Pakeke/Āhua-Pakeke: Ka pania mā roto i ngā paninga, i ngā paninga-muri rānei (he maha ngā wā mō ngā mea hangai, ngā whakapaipai, ngā ārai). Ka mimiti pea ēnei, ka memeha rānei i te horoinga.
Ngā muka FR tūturu: Ko ngā muka pēnei i ngā aramid (Nomex®, Kevlar®), te modacrylic, ētahi rayon/viscose FR rānei, he ātete mura kei roto i ō rātou hanganga ngota.
He mea nui ngā tono:
He kākahu tiaki mō ngā kaipatu ahi, ngā hōia, ngā kaimahi ahumahi.
Ngā tāonga whare, ngā moenga, me ngā ārai i roto i ngā whare me ngā whare tūmatanui.
Ngā āhuatanga o roto o te waka (waka rererangi, tereina, motuka).
Ngā whāriki me ngā tēneti.
Ngā Wero me ngā Whakaaroaro:
He mea nui te whakataurite i te mahi FR teitei me te whakamarie, te pakari, te utu, me te pānga ki te taiao/hauora. Kei te whanake tonu ngā ture (pēnei i te California TB 117, NFPA 701, EU REACH), e akiaki ana i te auahatanga ki ngā otinga kore-halogen e mau tonu ana, e kore e paitini, e whai hua ana hoki. Ko te arotahi o te rangahau ki ngā FR e ahu mai ana i te koiora me te nanotechnology hei whakatutuki i ngā kakahu haumaru ake, e mahi nui ana mō te heke mai e ātete ana ki te ahi.
Wā tuku: Hōngongoi-03-2025
