Otinga Pūnaha mō te Whakaiti i te Kiato o te Auahi Kiriata TPU

Otinga Pūnaha mō te Whakaiti i te Kiato o te Auahi Kiriata TPU (Ināianei: 280; Whāinga: <200)
(Te hanganga o nāianei: Konumohe hypophosphate 15 phr, MCA 5 phr, Konutea borate 2 phr)

I. Te Tātari Take Matua

1. Ngā Here o te Hanganga o Nāianei:

• Konumohe hypophosphateKa pehi i te horapa o te mura engari he iti noa te pehi i te paowa.
• MCAHe ārai mura āhua-hau e whai hua ana mō te mura o muri (kua tutuki kē te whāinga) engari kāore e ranea hei whakaiti i te paoa tahunga.
• Konutea borateKa whakatairanga i te hanganga o te waro engari kāore i te nui rawa (2 phr anake), ā, kāore e hanga he paparanga waro kiato hei pehi i te paoa.

1. Whakaritenga Matua:

• Whakaitihia te matotoru o te paowa tahunga mā tete pehi paowa kua whakareihia e te warorāneingā tikanga whakamātao hau-āhuatanga.

II. Ngā Rautaki Arotau

1. Whakatikatika i ngā ōwehenga whakatakoto o nāianei

• Konumohe hypophosphateWhakanuia ki18–20 tau(whakarei ake i te ātete mura o te wāhanga-whakakōpiko; aroturuki i te ngāwari).
• MCAWhakanuia ki6–8 ngā wā(ka whakanui ake i te mahi hau; ka taea e te nui rawa te whakaheke i te tukatuka).
• Konutea borateWhakanuia ki3–4 ngā wāhanga(ka whakapakari i te hanganga o te waro).

Tauira Whakatakotoranga Kua Whakatikatikahia:

• Konumohe hypophosphate: 18 phr
• MCA: 7 ngā tāngata
• Konutea borate: 4 phr

2. Whakauruhia ngā Rongoā Whakaiti Auahi Tino Whai Hua

• Ngā matū molibdenum(hei tauira, zinc molybdate, ammonium molybdate ranei):
• Tūranga: Ka whakaoho i te hanganga waro, ka hanga he ārai matotoru hei aukati i te paoa.
• Inenga: 2–3 phr (ka mahi tahi me te konutea borate).
• Nanoclay (montmorillonite):
• TūrangaĀrai ā-tinana hei whakaiti i te tukunga o te hau mura.
• Inenga: 3–5 phr (kua whakarerekētia te mata mō te marara).
• Ngā ārai mura e ahu mai ana i te silicone:
• TūrangaKa whakapai ake i te kounga o te waro me te pehi i te paoa.
• Inenga: 1–2 phr (ka karo i te ngaronga o te māramatanga).

3. Arotautanga Pūnaha Hinengaro

• Konutea borateTāpirihia te 1–2 phr hei whakakotahitanga me te konumohe hypophosphate me te konutea borate.
• Haukinia polyphosphate (APP)Tāpirihia te 1–2 phr hei whakarei ake i te mahi hau-āhuatanga me te MCA.

III. Te Hanganga Whānui i Manakohia

Ngā Hua e Tūmanakohia ana:

• Te matotoru o te paowa tahunga: ≤200 (mā te pūngao waro + te mahi tahi ā-hau).
• Te matotoru o te paowa o muri i te muraKia mau tonu ki te ≤200 (MCA + konutea borate).

IV. Ngā Tuhipoka Matua mō te Arotau Tukanga

1. Te pāmahana tukatukaKia mau tonu te pāmahana ki te 180–200°C hei ārai i te pirau wawe o te mea ārai ahi.
2. Te mararatanga:

• Whakamahia te whakaranu tere-teitei (≥2000 rpm) kia ōrite ai te tohatoha nanoclay/molybdate.
• Tāpirihia he kaihoko hononga silane 0.5–1 phr (hei tauira, KH550) hei whakapai ake i te hototahitanga o ngā whakakī.

1. Te Hanga KiriataMō te whakarewanga, whakaitihia te tere whakamatao hei whakahaere i te hanganga o te paparanga waro.

V. Ngā Hipanga Whakamana

1. Whakamātautau TaiwhangaWhakaritea ngā tauira kia rite ki te whakatakotoranga kua tūtohutia; whakahaerehia ngā whakamātautau tahunga poutū me te mātotoru paowa UL94 (ASTM E662).
2. Taurite MahiWhakamātauria te kaha kume, te roa, me te mārama.
3. Arotautanga WhakareaKi te mea kei te teitei tonu te mātotoru o te paowa, whakatikatikahia te molybdate, te nanoclay rānei (±1 phr) mā te whakamahi i tēnei tikanga.

VI. Te Utu me te Whaihuatanga

• Pānga Utu: Ka whakapiki ake te konutea molybdate (~¥50/kg) + nanoclay (~¥30/kg) i te utu katoa mā te <15% i te ≤10% uta.
• Te Whakawhanuitanga AhumahiHototahi ki te tukatuka TPU paerewa; kāore he taputapu motuhake e hiahiatia ana.

VII. Whakamutunga

Nāte whakanui ake i te konutea borate + te tāpiri i te molybdate + te nanoclay, he pūnaha mahi-toru (te hanganga waro + te waimehatanga hau + te ārai ā-tinana) ka taea te whakatutuki i te whāinga o te kiato paowa tahunga (≤200). Whakatairangahia te whakamātautau i temolibdate + nanoclayte whakakotahitanga, kātahi ka whakatikatika i ngā ōwehenga hei taurite i te utu-mahi.