Te Hurihanga Hanga mō te Hiako PVC Ārai-Mumura Kore-Halogen
Kupu Whakataki
He hiako PVC ārai-mumura te mea e hangaia ana e te kiritaki, me te antimony trioxide (Sb₂O₃) i whakamahia i mua. Ko tā rātou whāinga inaianei he whakakore i te Sb₂O₃, ka huri ki ngā ārai-mumura kore-halogen. Kei roto i te hanganga o nāianei ko te PVC, DOP, EPOXY, BZ-500, ST, HICOAT-410, me te antimony. Ko te whakawhiti mai i te hanganga hiako PVC e ahu mai ana i te antimony ki te pūnaha ārai-mumura kore-halogen he whakahoutanga hangarau nui. Ehara i te mea ka tutuki noa tēnei nekehanga i ngā ture taiao e kaha haere ana (hei tauira, RoHS, REACH) engari ka whakarei ake hoki i te ahua "kakariki" o te hua me te whakataetae mākete.
Ngā Wero Matua
- Te Ngaronga o te Pānga Whakakotahi:
- Ehara te Sb₂O₃ i te ātete mura kaha i a ia anō, engari he pai rawa atu ngā pānga ātete mura tahi me te chlorine i roto i te PVC, ka tino whakapai ake i te whai huatanga. Ko te tango i te antimony me kimi i tētahi pūnaha kore-halogen rerekē e whai ana i tēnei mahi tahi.
- Te Whai Hua o te Ārai i te Mura:
- He maha ngā wā ka hiahiatia he kawenga teitei ake mō ngā mea aukati mura kore-halogen kia tutuki ai ngā whakatauranga aukati mura ōrite (hei tauira, UL94 V-0), ka pā pea tēnei ki ngā āhuatanga hangarau (ngāwari, te kaha kume, te roa), te mahi tukatuka, me te utu.
- Ngā Āhuatanga o te Hiako PVC:
- Ko te hiako PVC e hiahiatia ana he tino ngawari, he pai te āhua o te ringa, he pai te āhua o te mata (whakairo, kanapa), he ātete ki te huarere, he ātete ki te hekenga, me te ngāwari ki te pāmahana iti. Me mau tonu, me rite rānei ēnei āhuatanga ki te hanganga hou.
- Te Mahi Tukatuka:
- Tērā pea ka pā te nui o ngā whakakī kore-halogen (hei tauira, ATH) ki te rere o te rewa me te pumau o te tukatuka.
- Ngā Whakaaro mō te Utu:
- He nui te utu mō ētahi o ngā ārai mura kore-halogen he tino whai hua, nō reira me taurite te mahi me te utu.
Rautaki Kōwhiri mō ngā Pūnaha Ārai Ahi Kore-Halogen (mō te Hiako Horihori PVC)
1. Ngā Ārai Mura Tuatahi – Ngā Waikawa Whakarewa
- Te Konumohe Trihydroxide (ATH):
- Ko te mea tino noa, he iti te utu.
- Tikanga: Te pirau endothermic (~200°C), te tukunga o te mamaoa wai hei waimeha i ngā hau mura me te hāora, me te hanga i tētahi paparanga mata tiaki.
- Ngā ngoikoretanga: He iti te whai huatanga, he nui te kawenga e hiahiatia ana (40–70 phr), ka tino whakaiti i te ngawari, te roa, me te ngāwari o te tukatuka; he iti te pāmahana pirau.
- Matūkaiuma Hauwai (MDH):
- He pāmahana pirau teitei ake (~340°C), he pai ake mō te tukatuka PVC (160–200°C).
- Ngā ngoikoretanga: He rite tonu te teitei o ngā uta (40–70 phr) e hiahiatia ana; he paku teitei ake te utu i te ATH; tera pea he nui ake te mimiti o te makuku.
Rautaki:
- He pai ake te MDH, te ranunga ATH/MDH rānei (hei tauira, 70/30) hei whakataurite i te utu, te urutau ki te pāmahana tukatuka, me te ātete mura.
- Mā te ATH/MDH e maimoatia ana ki te mata (hei tauira, he hononga silane) ka pai ake te hototahitanga ki te PVC, ka whakaiti i te pirau o ngā āhuatanga, ā, ka whakapakari i te ātete mura.
2. Ngā Kaitautoko Ārai Mumura
Hei whakaiti i ngā kawenga ārai mura tuatahi, me te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga, he mea nui ngā kaiwhakakotahi:
- Ngā Ārai Mura Phosphorus-Haitogen: He mea tino pai mō ngā pūnaha PVC kore-halogen.
- Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP): Ka whakatairanga i te wera, ka hanga he paparanga ārai ā-roto.
- Kia mōhio: Whakamahia ngā momo ātete pāmahana teitei (hei tauira, te Wāhanga II, >280°C) hei karo i te pirau i te wā e tukatukahia ana. Tērā pea ka pāngia te māramatanga me te ātete wai e ētahi APP.
- Konumohe Diethylphosphinate (ADP): Tino whai hua, iti te uta (5–20 phr), iti te pānga ki ngā āhuatanga, he pai te pumau o te wera.
- Ngā ngoikoretanga: Te utu nui ake.
- Ngā Phosphate Esters (hei tauira, RDP, BDP, TCPP): He mahi hei ārai mura kirihou.
- Painga: Mahi takirua (whakapaipai kirihou + ārai mura).
- Huakore: Ka heke/ka memeha pea ngā ngota iti (hei tauira, te TCPP); he iti ake te whai huatanga kirihou o te RDP/BDP i te DOP, ā, ka whakaiti pea i te ngāwari o te pāmahana iti.
- Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP): Ka whakatairanga i te wera, ka hanga he paparanga ārai ā-roto.
- Konutea Pōrata (ZB):
- He iti te utu, he maha ngā mahi (ārai mura, pehi paoa, whakatairanga mura, ārai maturuturu). He pai te mahi tahi me ngā pūnaha ATH/MDH me te hauota-pūkawa. Utaina noa: 3–10 phr.
- Konutea Tānete/Hairokisi Tānete:
- He tino pai ngā mea aukati paoa me ngā mea tautoko i te mura, inā koa mō ngā pūmua kei roto he chlorine (hei tauira, PVC). Ka taea te whakakapi i te mahi tautoko a te antimony. Utaina noa: 2–8 phr.
- Ngā Matū Molybdenum (hei tauira, MoO₃, Ammonium Molybdate):
- He kaha te aukati paoa me te mahi tahi ātete mura. Utaina noa: 2–5 phr.
- Ngā Whakakī Nano (hei tauira, Nanoclay):
- Mā ngā kawenga iti (3–8 phr) ka pai ake te ātete mura (te hanganga waro, te tere tuku wera iti) me ngā āhuatanga hangarau. He mea nui te marara.
3. Ngā mea ārai paowa
Ka puta te paoa nui mai i te PVC i te wā e tahuna ana. He maha ngā wā ka hiahiatia he pehi paowa mō ngā hanganga kore-halogen. He kōwhiringa pai rawa atu ngā matū konutea borate, konutea stannate, me te molybdenum.
Te Hanganga Ārai Mumura Kore-Halogen kua Whakatakotoria (I runga i te Hanganga Taketake a te Kiritaki)
Whāinga: Kia tutuki te UL94 V-0 (1.6 mm, matotoru rānei) me te pupuri tonu i te ngawari, te ngāwari ki te tukatuka, me ngā āhuatanga matua.
Ngā Whakaaro:
- Te hanganga taketake:
- DOP: 50–70 phr (whakapūkara).
- ST: He waikawa stearic pea (whakahinuhinu).
- HICOAT-410: Pūwhakaū Ca/Zn.
- BZ-500: He āwhina hinu/tukatuka pea (hei whakaū).
- EPOXY: Hinu pīni soya kua whakapūkaratia (kaitautoko-tahi/kaiwhakapaipai).
- Ānitōni: Sb₂O₃ (me tango).
1. Anga Hanganga i Manakohia (mō ia kapia PVC 100 phr)
| Wāhanga | Mahi | Utaina ana (phr) | Ngā Tuhipoka |
|---|---|---|---|
| Resin PVC | Pūmua turanga | 100 | Taumaha ngota waenga/teitei mō te tukatuka/āhuatanga taurite. |
| Kaiwhakaahua Tuatahi | Ngāwari | 40–60 | Kōwhiringa A (Taurite Utu/Mahinga): Phosphate ester wāhanga (hei tauira, RDP/BDP, 10–20 phr) + DOTP/DINP (30–50 phr). Kōwhiringa B (Matua Pāmahana-Iti): DOTP/DINP (50–70 phr) + ārai mura PN whai hua (hei tauira, ADP, 10–15 phr). Whāinga: Whakataurite i te ngawari taketake. |
| Ārai Mura Tuatahi | Ātete mura, pehi paowa | 30–50 | He ranunga MDH, MDH/ATH rānei kua maimoatia ki te mata (hei tauira, 70/30). He tino parakore, he rahi matūriki angiangi, kua maimoatia ki te mata. Whakatikatikahia te uta kia rite ki te ātete mura e hiahiatia ana. |
| PN Synergist | Te ātete mura teitei, te whakatairanga i te waro | 10–20 | Kōwhiringa 1: APP pāmahana-tiketike (Wāhanga II). Kōwhiringa 2: ADP (pai ake, uta iti ake, utu teitei ake). Kōwhiringa 3: Ngā kaiwhakapaipai phosphate ester (RDP/BDP) – whakarerekētia mēnā kua whakamahia kētia hei kaiwhakapaipai. |
| Kaiwhakaora Hiko/Whakakore Auahi | Te ātete mura nui ake, te whakaiti paowa | 5–15 | Huinga kua tūtohutia: Konutea borate (5–10 phr) + konutea stannate (3–8 phr). Kōwhiringa: MoO₃ (2–5 phr). |
| Kaiwhakaū Ca/Zn (HICOAT-410) | Te pumau o te wera | 2.0–4.0 | He mea nui! Tērā pea me nui ake te utaina, ki te whakataurite ki ngā whakatakotoranga Sb₂O₃. |
| Hinu Pīni Soya Kua Whakapūkaratia (EPOXY) | Kaiwhakaū-tahi, kaiwhakakirihou | 3.0–8.0 | Puritia kia mau tonu, kia pai ai te mahi i te pāmahana iti. |
| Ngā hinu whakahinuhinu | Āwhina tukatuka, tukunga pokepokea ai | 1.0–2.5 | ST (waikawa stearic): 0.5–1.5 phr. BZ-500: 0.5–1.0 phr (whakarerekētia i runga i te mahi). Arotauhia mō ngā uta whakakī teitei. |
| Āwhina Tukatuka (hei tauira, ACR) | Te kaha rewa, te rere | 0.5–2.0 | He mea nui mō ngā whakatakotoranga whakakī-nui. Ka whakapai ake i te āhua o te mata me te hua. |
| Ētahi atu Tāpiri | E ai ki te hiahia | – | Ngā tae, ngā whakaū UV, ngā matū koiora, me ētahi atu. |
2. Tauira Whakatakotoranga (Me arotau)
| Wāhanga | Momo | Utaina ana (phr) |
|---|---|---|
| Resin PVC | Uara-K ~65–70 | 100.0 |
| Kaiwhakaahua Tuatahi | DOTP/DINP | 45.0 |
| Kaiwhakaahua Phosphate Ester | RDP | 15.0 |
| MDH i maimoatia ki te mata | – | 40.0 |
| Taupānga Mahana-Tiketike | Wāhanga II | 12.0 |
| Konutea Pōrata | ZB | 8.0 |
| Konutea Tānete | ZS | 5.0 |
| Kaiwhakaū Ca/Zn | HICOAT-410 | 3.5 |
| Hinu Pīni Soya Kua Whakapūkaratia | EPOXY | 5.0 |
| Waikawa Stearic | ST | 1.0 |
| BZ-500 | hinu whakahinuhinu | 1.0 |
| Āwhina Tukatuka ACR | – | 1.5 |
| Ngā mea whakauru tae, me ētahi atu | – | E ai ki te hiahia |
Ngā Hipanga Whakatinanatanga Hira
- Whakaūhia ngā Taipitopito Rauemi Mata:
- Whakamāramahia ngā tuakiri matū o
BZ-500meST(tirohia ngā pepa raraunga a te kaiwhakarato). - Manatokohia ngā uta tika o
DOP,EPOXY, meHICOAT-410. - Tautuhia ngā whakaritenga a te kiritaki: Te ātete mura whāinga (hei tauira, te matotoru UL94), te ngawari (pakeke), te whakamahinga (waka, tāonga whare, putea?), ngā hiahia motuhake (ātete makariri, pumau UV, ātete ki te pakū?), ngā herenga utu.
- Whakamāramahia ngā tuakiri matū o
- Kōwhiria ngā momo ātete mura motuhake:
- Tonoa ngā tauira ātete mura kore-halogen i hangaia mō te hiako PVC mai i ngā kaiwhakarato.
- Whakaritea te ATH/MDH kua maimoatia ki te mata hei kaupapa matua mō te horapa pai ake.
- Mō te APP, whakamahia ngā momo ātete ki te pāmahana teitei.
- Mō ngā phosphate esters, he pai ake te RDP/BDP i te TCPP kia iti ake ai te hekenga.
- Whakamātautau me te Arotau Tauine-Taiwhanga:
- Whakaritea ngā puranga iti me ngā taumaha rerekē (hei tauira, whakarerekētia ngā ōwehenga MDH/APP/ZB/ZS).
- Te whakaranu: Whakamahia ngā mīhini whakaranu tere-rahi (hei tauira, Henschel) kia rite te horapa. Tāpirihia ngā wai (ngā mea whakapūmau, ngā mea whakapūmau) i te tuatahi, kātahi ka tāpirihia ngā paura.
- Ngā Whakamātautau Tukatuka: Whakamātauria ngā taputapu whakaputa (hei tauira, te mīhini whakaranu Banbury + te whakamahana). Aroturukihia te wā whakapūmau, te matotoru rewa, te taipana, te kounga o te mata.
- Whakamātautau Mahi:
- Ātete mura: UL94, LOI.
- Ngā āhuatanga ā-ringa: Te mārō (Tahataha A), te kaha kume, te roa.
- Ngāwari/te āhua o te ringa: Ngā whakamātautau ā-tangata + mārō.
- Ngāwari i te pāmahana iti: Whakamātautau piko makariri.
- Te pumau o te wera: Whakamātautau whero o Kongo.
- Āhua: Tae, kanapa, whakairo.
- (Whiringa) Te mātotoru o te paowa: Rūma paowa NBS.
- Te Whakatau Rapanga me te Whakataurite:
| Putanga | Otinga |
|---|---|
| Kāore i te rawaka te ātete mura | Whakanuia te MDH/ATH, te APP rānei; tāpirihia te ADP; arotauhia te ZB/ZS; whakarite kia marara. |
| Ngā āhuatanga ā-pūkaha ngoikore (hei tauira, te roa iti) | Whakaitihia te MDH/ATH; whakanuia te PN synergist; whakamahia ngā whakakī mata kua tukatukahia; whakarerekētia ngā mea whakakirihou. |
| Ngā uauatanga tukatuka (te matotoru nui, te mata ngoikore) | Whakapai ake i ngā hinu whakahinuhinu; whakanuia te ACR; tirohia te whakaranu; whakarerekētia te pāmahana/tere. |
| Te utu nui | Whakapai ake i ngā kawenga; whakamahia ngā ranunga ATH/MDH utu-pai; arotakehia ngā huarahi kē atu. |
- Whakamātautau me te Hanga: Whai muri i te arotau taiwhanga, whakahaerehia ngā whakamātautau whakamātautau hei manatoko i te pumau, te ōritetanga, me te utu. Whakanuia i muri i te whakamanatanga anake.
Whakamutunga
He mea taea te neke mai i te hiako PVC ātete-ahi e hangai ana ki te antimony ki te hiako PVC ātete-ahi kore-halogen engari me whakawhanake pūnaha. Ko te huarahi matua e whakakotahi ana i ngā hauwaiwai whakarewa (he pai ake te MDH kua tukatukahia ki te mata), ngā kaiwhakakotahi phosphorus-hauota (APP, ADP rānei), me ngā mea aukati paowa maha-mahi (zinc borate, zinc stannate). I te wā kotahi, he mea nui te arotau i ngā plasticizers, ngā whakaū, ngā hinu whakahinuhinu, me ngā āwhina tukatuka.
Ngā Kī ki te Angitu:
- Tautuhia ngā whāinga me ngā here mārama (te ātete mura, ngā āhuatanga, te utu).
- Kōwhiria ngā ārai mura kore-halogen kua whakamātauhia (ngā whakakī kua maimoatia ki te mata, APP pāmahana teitei).
- Whakahaerehia he whakamātautau taiwhanga pakari (ātete mura, ngā āhuatanga, te tukatuka).
- Me whakarite kia ōrite te ranunga me te hototahi ki ngā tukanga.
More info., you can contact lucy@taifeng-fr.com
Wā tuku: 12 o Ākuhata 2025
