Te Tukanga Whakarewa me te Marara o ngā Ārai Mura Totoka i roto i te Pūnaha Piripiri Polyurethane AB

Te Tukanga Whakarewa me te Marara o ngā Ārai Mura Totoka i roto i te Pūnaha Piripiri Polyurethane AB

Mō te whakarewa/marara o ngā matū ārai mura totoka pērā i te konumohe hypophosphite (AHP), te konumohe hydroxide (ATH), te konutea borate, me te melamine cyanurate (MCA) i roto i te pūnaha piri polyurethane AB, ko ngā mahi matua ko te maimoatanga o mua, te marara i ia taahiraa, me te whakahaere makuku tino kaha. Kei raro nei te tukanga taipitopito (mō ngā whakatakotoranga ārai mura nui; ka taea te whakarerekē i ētahi atu whakatakotoranga kia rite ki tēnā).

I. Ngā Mātāpono Matua

1. Ko te "rewatanga" he mararatanga: Me marara ōrite ngā mea ārai mura totoka ki roto i te polyol (te wāhanga-A) kia hanga ai he whakatārewatanga pumau.
2. Te rongoā i mua i ngā aukati mura: Te aro atu ki ngā take o te mimiti makuku, te whakahiato, me te tauhohenga me ngā isocyanates.
3. Tāpirihia ngā rauemi i runga i te raupapa o te mātotoru me te rahi o te matūriki hei karo i ngā kukū tiketike ā-rohe.
4. Te whakahaere pakari i te makuku: Ka pau te isocyanate (-NCO) i roto i te wāhanga-B i te wai, ā, ka kore e pakari pai.

II. Te Tukanga Whakahaere Taipitopito (I runga i te 100 wāhanga polyol i roto i te wāhanga-A)

Hipanga 1: Te Maimoatanga Mutunga mō te Ārai Mumura (24 hāora i mua)

• Konumohe Hypophosphite (AHP, 10 ngā wāhanga):
  • Pania te mata ki te kaihoko hononga silane (KH-550) te kaihoko hononga titanate rānei (NDZ-201):
    • Whakaranua te 0.5 wāhanga o te kaihoko honohono + 2 wāhanga o te etanoru waikore, whakaohokia mō te 10 meneti kia waimeha.
    • Tāpirihia te paura AHP ka whakaoho i te tere tere (1000 rpm) mō te 20 meneti.
    • Whakamarokehia ki roto i te oumu i te 80°C mō ngā hāora e 2, kātahi ka rongoa kia hiritia.
• Konumohe Hauwaiora (ATH, 25 ngā wāhanga):
  • Whakamahia te ATH kua whakarerekētia ki te silane, he iti iho i te rahi o te maikoroni (hei tauira, Wandu WD-WF-20). Mēnā kāore i whakarerekētia, me rite te rongoā ki te AHP.
• MCA (6 ngā wāhanga) me te Konutea Pōrata (4 ngā wāhanga):
  • Whakamarokehia ki te 60°C mō ngā hāora e 4 hei tango i te makuku, kātahi ka tātarihia mā te mata 300-mata.

Hipanga 2: Tukanga Marara o te Waenga-A (Taha Polyol)

1. Te Whakaranu Turanga:
   • Tāpirihia kia 100 ngā wāhanga polyol (hei tauira, te polyether polyol PPG) ki tētahi ipu maroke.
   • Tāpirihia he 0.3 wāhanga o te kaihoko whakataurite polysiloxane kua whakarerekētia ki te polyether (hei tauira, BYK-333).
2. Te Horopaki-Mua Tere-iti:
   • Tāpirihia ngā ārai mura kia rite ki te raupapa: ATH (25 ngā wāhanga) → AHP (10 ngā wāhanga) → konutea borate (4 ngā wāhanga) → MCA (6 ngā wāhanga).
   • Whakaohokia i te 300-500 rpm mō te 10 meneti kia kore ra ano he paura maroke e toe ana.
3. Te Mararatanga Kutikuti-Teitei:
   • Whakawhiti ki te mīhini whakamarara tere-teitei (≥1500 rpm) mō te 30 meneti.
   • Whakahaerehia te pāmahana ≤50°C (hei ārai i te waikura polyol).
4. Te Huri me te Whakamahinga (He mea nui!):
   • Tukua mā roto i te mira hurihuri-toru, i te mira onepu kete rānei, kia 2-3 ngā wā tae noa ki te matotoru ≤30μm (whakamātauria mā te ine Hegman).
5. Te Whakatikatika i te Matotoru me te Whakakore Huka:
   • Tāpirihia he 0.5 wāhanga o te silica paowa wai-whakaaro (Aerosil R202) hei ārai i te taunga.
   • Tāpirihia he 0.2 wāhanga o te taputapu whakakore hu'ahu'a silicone (hei tauira, Tego Airex 900).
   • Whakaohokia i te 200 rpm mō te 15 meneti hei tango i te hau.

Hipanga 3: Maimoatanga Waenga-B (Taha Isocyanate)

• Tāpirihia kia 4-6 ngā wāhanga o te tātari ngota (hei tauira, Zeochem 3A) ki te wāhanga-B (hei tauira, MDI prepolymer) hei mimiti i te makuku.
• Mena kei te whakamahi koe i ngā wai ārai mura o te whākawa (kōwhiringa iti te matotoru), whakaranua tika ki te wāhanga-B ka whakaoho mō te 10 meneti.

Hipanga 4: Te Whakaranu me te Whakamaroke i ngā Wāhanga AB

• Te ōwehenga whakaranu: Whāia te hoahoa piri AB taketake (hei tauira, A:B = 100:50).
• Te tukanga whakaranu:
  • Whakamahia he mīhini whakaranu aorangi wāhanga-rua, he ngongo whakaranu pūmau rānei.
  • Whakaranua mō te 2-3 meneti kia ōrite te ranunga (kaua e piri).
• Ngā āhuatanga whakaora:
  • Te whakamaroke i te pāmahana rūma: 24 hāora (kua roa ake mā te 30% nā te mea he ātete mura te mimiti wera).
  • Te whakamaroke tere: 60°C/2 hāora (whakamanahia ngā hua kāore he mirumiru).

III. Ngā Pūwāhi Whakahaere Tukanga Matua

IV. Ngā Tikanga Marara Rerekē (Kore Taputapu Huri)

1. Te maimoatanga o mua o te mira pōro:
   • Whakaranua ngā mea ārai mura me te polyol i te ōwehenga 1:1, te mira pōro mō ngā hāora e 4 (ngā pōro zirconia, te rahi 2mm).
2. Tikanga Masterbatch:
   • Whakaritea he puranga matua ātete mura 50% (polyol hei kawe), ka whakaranua i mua i te whakamahinga.
3. Te mararatanga orooro:
   • Whakamahia te ultrasonication (20kHz, 500W, 10 min) ki te para kua whakaranua (e tika ana mō ngā puranga iti).

V. Ngā Taunakitanga Whakatinanatanga

1. Whakamātautau iti i te tuatahi: Whakamātauria ki te 100 karamu o te wae-A, me te arotahi ki te pumau o te matotoru (huringa 24 hāora <10%) me te tere o te whakamaroke.
2. Te ture raupapatanga tāpiri ātete mura:
   • "Taumaha ki mua, māmā ki muri; pai ki mua, taratara ki muri" → ATH (taumaha) → AHP (pai) → konutea borate (waenganui) → MCA (māmā/taratara).
3. Whakatau raruraru ohorere:
   • Te pikinga ohorere o te matotoru: Tāpirihia te 0.5% propylene glycol methyl ether acetate (PMA) hei whakawaiwai.
   • Te pakari ngoikore: Tāpirihia te 5% MDI kua whakarerekētia (hei tauira, Wanhua PM-200) ki te wāhanga-B.