Tukatuka Wetewete me te Mararatanga o nga Whakaoranga Mura Toka i roto i te Pūnaha Whakapiri Polyurethane AB

Tukatuka Wetewete me te Mararatanga o nga Whakaoranga Mura Toka i roto i te Pūnaha Whakapiri Polyurethane AB

Mo te whakakorenga/mararatanga o nga mura ahi totoka penei i te konumohe hypophosphite (AHP), te konumohe hydroxide (ATH), te zinc borate, me te melamine cyanurate (MCA) i roto i te punaha piri polyurethane AB, ko nga mahi matua ko te maimoatanga o mua, te whakamararatanga taahiraa, me te tino whakahaere makuku. Kei raro iho nei te mahinga taipitopito (mo nga hanganga mura-muri teitei; ka taea te whakatika i etahi atu hanganga).

I. Nga Tikanga Matua

1. Ko te “Dissolution” he marara: Me whakamararatia nga parenga mura o te mura ki roto i te polyol (waa-A) kia hangai he whakatārewatanga pumau.
2. Te maimoatanga o mua i te mura o te mura: Whakatauhia nga take o te momi makuku, te whakahiatotanga, me te tauhohenga me te isocyanates.
3. Taapirihia: Taapirihia nga rawa kia rite ki te kiato me te rahi o te matūriki hei karo i nga kukū teitei o te rohe.
4. Te whakahaere i te makuku: Ka pau te wai i te isocyanate (-NCO) i roto i te waahanga-B, e arai ana ki te whakaora kino.

II. Tikanga Whakahaere Taipitopito (I runga i nga waahanga 100 polyol i roto i te A-waahanga)

Wāhanga 1: Te Maama Tonu Mura (24 haora i mua)

• Konumohe Hypophosphite (AHP, 10 nga wahanga):
  • Te paninga mata ki te kaihoko hono silane (KH-550) ranei te kaihoko hono titanate (NDZ-201):
    • Whakaranuhia nga waahanga 0.5 o te kaihoko honohono + 2 nga waahanga waiwaro anhydrous, whakaohohia mo te 10 meneti mo te waiwai.
    • Tāpirihia te paura AHP ka whakaoho i te tere tere (1000 rpm) mo te 20 min.
    • Me whakamaroke i roto i te oumu i te 80°C mo te 2 haora, katahi ka hiritia.
• Aluminium Hydroxide (ATH, 25 nga wahanga):
  • Whakamahia te ATH-rahi-roto, te ATH kua whakarereketia (hei tauira, Wandu WD-WF-20). Mena kaore i whakarereketia, kia rite ki te AHP.
• MCA (6 nga wahanga) me te Zinc Borate (4 nga wahanga):
  • Me whakamaroke i te 60°C mo te 4 haora hei tango i te makuku, katahi ka tatari ma te mata 300-mata.

Hipanga 2: A-Waihanga (Polyol Side) Tukanga Marara

1. Ranu turanga:
   • Tāpirihia kia 100 ngā wāhanga polyol (hei tauira, polyether polyol PPG) ki te ipu maroke.
   • Taapirihia nga waahanga 0.3 polyether-whakarerekehia te polysiloxane maaka whakataurite (hei tauira, BYK-333).
2. Tere-Hahi-Mua-Marara:
   • Taapirihia nga parenga mura kia raupapa: ATH (25 wahanga) → AHP (10 wahanga) → zinc borate (4 wahanga) → MCA (6 wahanga).
   • Oho i te 300-500 rpm mo te 10 meneti kia kore ra ano he paura maroke.
3. Marara-Kuti Teitei:
   • Hurihia ki te whakamararatanga tere-tere (≥1500 rpm) mo te 30 meneti.
   • Te pāmahana whakahaere ≤50°C (hei aukati i te waikura polyol).
4. Te huri me te whakamahine (Ahaehae!):
   • Haere i roto i te mira toru-roira, kete mira kirikiri ranei 2-3 wa tae noa ki te ≤30μm (whakamatautauria ma te ine Hegman).
5. Whakatikatika Pokareka me te Whakakore Paha:
   • Taapirihia nga wahanga 0.5 hydrophobic fumed silica (Aerosil R202) kia kore ai e tau.
   • Tāpiri 0.2 wāhanga silicone defoamer (hei tauira, Tego Airex 900).
   • Kohuatia i te 200 rpm mo te 15 meneti mo te whakaheke hau.

Hipanga 3: B-Waihanga (Taha Isocyanate) Maimoatanga

• Tāpirihia kia 4-6 ngā wāhanga tatari rāpoi (hei tauira, Zeochem 3A) ki te Wāhanga-B (hei tauira, MDI prepolymer) mo te mimiti makuku.
• Mēnā e whakamahi ana i te wai whakapūmau i te mura o te ahi (he kowhiringa iti-pokey), uru tika ki te wahanga B ka whakaoho mo te 10 meneti.

Hipanga 4: Whakaranu Waa AB me te rongoa

• Ranu ōwehenga: Whaia te hoahoa whakapiri AB taketake (hei tauira, A:B = 100:50).
• Te mahi ranu:
  • Whakamahia he whakahanumi aorangi-waahanga-rua, he ngongo whakaranu pateko ranei.
  • Whakaranuhia mo te 2-3 min tae noa ki te kakahu (kaore he aho).
• Nga tikanga whakaora:
  • Te whakamaoritanga o te pāmahana rūma: 24 haora (he 30% te roa o te whakamaroketanga o te wera o te mura).
  • Te whakaora tere: 60°C/2 haora (whakamana mo nga hua kore mirumiru).

III. Nga Tohu Mana Tukatuka Matua

IV. Tikanga Marara rereke (kaore he taputapu huri)

1. Te mira poroporo i mua i te maimoatanga:
   • Whakaranuhia nga parenga mura me te polyol i te 1:1 ōwehenga, mira mira mo te 4 haora (poroi zirconia, 2mm te rahi).
2. Tikanga Masterbatch:
   • Whakapaia he 50% te mura o te mura (polyol hei kawe), ka waimeha i mua i te whakamahi.
3. Te whakamararatanga Ultrasonic:
   • Hoatu te ultrasonication (20kHz, 500W, 10 min) ki te slurry premixed (e tika ana mo nga puranga iti).

V. Tohutohu Whakatinana

1. Te whakamatautau iti i te tuatahi: Whakamatau me te 100g o te A-waahanga, e aro ana ki te whakapumautanga (24h huringa <10%) me te tere whakaora.
2. Ture raupapa taapiri mo te mura:
   • “Taimaha i te tuatahi, marama i muri mai; pai i te tuatahi, parata i muri mai” → ATH (taimaha) → AHP (pai) → zinc borate (waenganui) → MCA (mama/maama).
3. Raparongoā ohorere:
   • Te piki ohorere: Tāpirihia te 0.5% propylene glycol methyl ether acetate (PMA) ki te waimeha.
   • He pai te rongoa: Tāpirihia te 5% MDI kua whakarereketia (hei tauira, Wanhua PM-200) ki te waahanga-B.