Ko ngā ārai mura e ahu mai ana i te whākawa he momo ārai mura e tino whai hua ana, e pono ana, e whakamahia whānuitia ana, ā, kua aro nui mai ngā kairangahau. He mea whakamiharo ngā whakatutukitanga kua tutuki i roto i tā rātou hanganga me te whakamahinga.
1. Te Whakamahinga o ngā Ārai Mura e Hangai ana ki te Phosphorus i roto i te PP
He mea nui ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana o te polypropylene (PP) i roto i ana mahi ahumahi. Heoi, ko tōna taupū hāora iti (LOI) he tata ki te 17.5% noa iho, ā, he tino mura me te tere o te mura. Ko te uara o ngā rauemi PP i roto i ngā mahi ahumahi ka pāngia e tōna ātete mura me ōna āhuatanga ā-tinana. I ngā tau tata nei, ko te microencapsulation me te whakarerekētanga mata kua noho hei au matua i roto i ngā rauemi PP ātete mura.
Tauira 1: I pania te ammonium polyphosphate (APP) i whakarerekētia ki te kaihoko hononga silane (KH-550) me te otinga etanoru kapia silicone ki ngā rauemi PP. I te taenga o te wāhanga papatipu o te APP whakarerekētia ki te 22%, ka piki te LOI o te rauemi ki te 30.5%, ā, i tutuki hoki i ōna āhuatanga hangarau ngā whakaritenga, ā, i pai ake i ngā rauemi PP i ārai-mumura me te APP kāore i whakarerekētia.
Tauira 2: I whakakīia te APP ki roto i tētahi anga i titoa ki te melamine (MEL), te hinu silicone hydroxyl, me te kapia formaldehyde mā te whakapūhuitanga in-situ. Kātahi ka whakakotahihia ngā kāpūhui iti ki te pentaerythritol, ā, ka pania ki ngā rauemi PP hei ārai i te mura. He tino pai te ārai i te mura o te rauemi, me te LOI o te 32% me te whakatauranga whakamātautau mura poutū o te UL94 V-0. Ahakoa i muri i te maimoatanga rumaki wai wera, i mau tonu te ārai mura me ngā āhuatanga miihini o te rauemi.
Tauira 3: I whakarerekētia te APP mā te paninga ki te konumohe hauwai (ATH), ā, i whakakotahitia te APP whakarerekētia ki te dipentaerythritol i te ōwehenga papatipu o te 2.5:1 hei whakamahi i roto i ngā rauemi PP. I te 25% te katoa o te wāhanga papatipu o te aukati mura, ka eke te LOI ki te 31.8%, ka eke te whakatauranga aukati mura ki te V-0, ā, ka tino heke te tere tuku wera teitei.
2. Te Whakamahinga o ngā Ārai Mura e Hangai ana ki te Phosphorus i roto i te PS
He tino mura te Polystyrene (PS), ā, ka tonu te mura i muri i te tango i te pūtake mura. Hei whakatika i ngā take pēnei i te tukunga wera nui me te horapa tere o te mura, he mea nui ngā mea aukati mura e hangai ana ki te phosphorus kore-halogen hei ārai i te mura o te PS. Ko ngā tikanga aukati mura noa mō te PS ko te paninga, te whakakī, te paraihe, me te aukati mura i te wāhanga polymerization.
Tauira 1: I hangaia he piripiri ātete-mumura kei roto he phosphorus mō te PS whakawhanui mā te tikanga sol-gel mā te whakamahi i te N-β-(aminoethyl)-γ-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane me te waikawa phosphoric. I whakaritea te pahuka PS ātete-mumura mā te whakamahi i te tikanga paninga. I te neke atu i te 700°C te pāmahana, ka hangaia he paparanga waro e neke atu ana i te 49% i te pahuka PS i maimoatia ki te piripiri.
Kua whakauruhia e ngā kairangahau puta noa i te ao ngā hanganga ārai-ahi kei roto he whākawa ki roto i ngā matū vinyl, acrylic rānei, kātahi ka whakakotahihia ki te styrene hei whakaputa i ngā copolymer styrene kei roto he whākawa hou. E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau, ki te whakaritea ki te PS parakore, he nui ake te pai o te LOI me te toenga waro o ngā copolymer styrene kei roto he whākawa, e tohu ana i te pumau wera me te ātete mura pai ake.
Tauira 2: I honoa he macromonomer ranu phosphate oligomeric (VOPP) kua oti te whakamuna ki te mekameka matua o te PS mā te whakakotahitanga o te hononga. I whakaatuhia e te whakakotahitanga o te hononga te ātete mura mā te tikanga totoka-wāhanga. I te pikinga ake o te ihirangi VOPP, ka piki ake te LOI, ka heke te tere tuku wera tihi me te tuku wera katoa, ā, ka ngaro te maturuturu rewa, e whakaatu ana i ngā pānga ātete mura nui.
Hei tāpiritanga, ka taea te hono matū i ngā ārai mura e hangai ana ki te ūkuikui kore-waro ki ngā ārai mura e hangai ana ki te graphite, ki te hauota rānei hei whakamahi i roto i te ārai mura PS. Ka taea hoki te whakamahi i ngā tikanga paninga, paraihe rānei hei tāpiri i ngā ārai mura e hangai ana ki te ūkuikui ki te PS, ka whakapai ake i te LOI me te toenga waro o te rauemi.
3. Te Whakamahinga o ngā Ārai Mura e Hangai ana ki te Phosphorus i PA
He tino mura te Polyamide (PA) ā, he nui te paoa e puta ana i te wā e tahuna ana. Nā te mea he whānui te whakamahinga o te PA i roto i ngā wāhanga hiko me ngā taputapu, he tino kino te mōrearea o ngā tūponotanga ahi. Nā te hanganga amide i roto i tōna mekameka matua, ka taea te ārai i te PA mai i te mura mā te whakamahi i ngā tikanga maha, me ngā ārai mura tāpiri me ngā ārai mura tauhohe e tino whai hua ana. I roto i ngā PA ārai mura, ko ngā tote alkyl phosphinate te mea e whakamahia whānuitia ana.
Tauira 1: I tāpirihia te konumohe isobutylphosphinate (A-MBPa) ki tētahi matihiko PA6 hei whakarite i tētahi rauemi hiato. I te wā o te whakamātautau ātete mura, ka pirau a A-MBPa i mua i te PA6, ka hanga he paparanga waro matotoru, pumau hoki hei tiaki i te PA6. I tutuki i te rauemi he LOI o te 26.4% me te whakatauranga ātete mura o te V-0.
Tauira 2: I te wā o te whakakotahitanga o te hexamethylenediamine me te waikawa adipic, i tāpirihia te 3 wt% o te bis(2-carboxyethyl)methylphosphine oxide (CEMPO) hei whakaputa i te PA66 ārai-mumura. I whakaatuhia e ngā rangahau he pai ake te ātete-mumura o te PA66 ārai-mumura ki te PA66 tikanga, me te LOI teitei ake. I whakaatuhia e te tātaritanga o te paparanga waro he rerekē ngā rahi o ngā pore o te mata waro matotoru o te PA66 ārai-mumura, i āwhina i te wehe i te whakawhiti wera me te hau, e whakaatu ana i te mahi ātete-mumura whakamiharo.
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Wā tuku: 15 o Ākuhata-2025
